# References and Footnotes

Posted on Sun 03 October 2010 in Situation Theory tutorial

These are footnotes and references for the introduction to situation theory series of articles.

## Footnotes

*1*The appropriateness of an object is determined in some way by a role associated with the argument.

*2* This is not precisely true. Some situation theorists distinguish between so-called Austinian and Russelian propositions. Infons express Russelian propositions and are true if and only if some situation supports that infon. A more thorough treatment of this controversial distinction will be given later.

*3*A state of affairs is an infon in which all parameters have been replaced by some object. Or conversely, an infon is a parametric state of affairs. However it is common in situation theory to use the term infon to cover both parametric and non-parametric states of affairs.

*4* We write $$\bar{\sigma }$$ to indicate the dual of an infon, but we do not necessarily wish to indicate the logical operation of negation, for a variety of reasons to be discussed later.

*5*A basic state of affairs or infon may be one built upon the conjunction or disjunction of two or more states of affairs. However states of affairs involving negation or quantifiers are not basic infons. Many situation theorists consider the negation of quantified infons to be not well formed, mainly because a negated non-basic infon may not satisfy the principle of persistence (Barwise 1989).

*6* However the law of non-contradiction is retained. This indicates a similarity to intuitionistic logic.

*7* Note that Israel and Perry include quantification over situations in this manner.

## References

Barwise, Jon. 1989. The situation in logic. CSLI Lecture Notes 17. Center for the Study of Language (CSLI).

Barwise, Jon, and Robin Cooper. 1991. Simple situation theory and its graphical representation. DYANA REPORT R2.1.C 38-74.

_________. 1993. Extended Kamp notation: A graphical notation for situation theory. In Situation theory and its applications, edited by Peter Aczel and David Israel, Yasuhiro Katagiri, and Stanley Peters, 29-53. Vol. 3. CSLI Lecture Notes 37. Stanford, CA, USA: Center for the Study of Language (CSLI).

Barwise, Jon, and John Etchemendy. 1989. The liar. Oxford University Press US.

Barwise, Jon, and John Perry. 1981. Situations and attitudes. The Journal of Philosophy 78, no. 11 (November): 668-691.

_________. 1983. Situations and attitudes. MIT Press.

_________. 1985. Shifting situations and shaken attitudes. Linguistics and Philosophy 8, no. 1 (February 1): 105-161.

Crimmins, Mark. 1993. States of affairs without parameters. In Situation theory and its applications, ed. Peter Aczel and David Israel, 3:55-86. CSLI Lecture Notes 37. Center for the Study of Language (CSLI). \~\~

Devlin, Keith. 1991. Logic and information. Cambridge, Great Britain: Cambridge University Press.

Devlin, Keith. 2004. Jon Barwise's Papers on Natural Language Semantics. The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 10, no. 1 (March): 54-85. \~

_________. 2006. Situation theory and situation semantics. In Handbook of the history of logic, 601-664. Elsevier. http://stanford.edu/\\~{}kdevlin/HHL\_SituationTheory.pdf (accessed October 23, 2009).

Devlin, Keith, and Duska Rosenberg. 1993. Situation theory and cooperative action. In Situation theory and its applications, edited by Peter Aczel, David Israel, Yasuhiro Katagiri, and Stanley Peters, 213-264, Vol. 3. CSLI Lecture Notes 37. Stanford, CA, USA: Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI). \~

_________ 1996. Language at work: Analyzing communication breakdown in the workplace to inform systems design. CSLI Lecture Notes 66. Stanford, CA, USA: Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI). \~

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Israel, David, and John Perry. 1990. What is information. In Information, language and cognition, edited by Hanson, Philip, 1-19. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.

_________. 1991 Information and architecture. In Situation theory and its applications, edited by Jon Barwise, Jean Mark Gawron, Gordon Plotkin, and Syun Tutiya, 147-160. Vol. 2. CSLI Lecture Notes 26. Stanford, CA, USA: Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI).

Kratzer, Angelika. Situations in natural language semantics. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta. 2009th ed. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2009/entries/situations-semantics/.

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Nakashima, Hideyuki et al. 1988. Towards a computational interpretation of situation theory. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Fifth Generation Computer Systems, 489-498. Tokyo, Japan: Institute for New Generation Computer Technology.

Parikh, Prashant. 1990. Situations, games, and ambiguity. In Situation theory and its applications, ed. Robin Cooper, Jon Barwise, and Kuniaki Mukai, 1:449-469. CSLI Lecture Notes 22. Stanford University, California: Center for the Study of Language (CSLI).

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Perry, John. 1998. Situation Semantics. In Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy., ed. Edward Craig, Volume 7. Nihilism to Quantum mechanics:669-671. Taylor \& Francis.

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Rieger, Burghard B. 1995. Situation semantics and computational linguistics: Towards informational ecology. A semiotic perspective for cognitive information processing systems. Proc. of the 125th E.W.-Heraeus-FoundationSeminar on Interdisciplinary Models of Information. 285-315.

Seligman, Jerry, and Lawrence Moss. 1997. Situation theory. In Handbook of logic and language, ed. Johan van Benthem and A. Ter Meulen, 239-309. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT Press.

Shin, Sun-Joo. 1991. A situation-theoretic account of valid reasoning with Venn diagrams. In Situation theory and its applications, edited by Jon Barwise, Jean Mark Gawron, Gordon Plotkin, and Syun Tutiya, 581-606. Vol. 2. CSLI Lecture Notes 26. Stanford, CA, USA: Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI).

Stenning, Keith, and Jon Oberlander. 1991. Reasoning with words, pictures, and calculi: Computation versus justification. In Situation theory and its applications, edited by Jon Barwise, Jean Mark Gawron, Gordon Plotkin, and Syun Tutiya, 607-621. Vol. 2. CSLI Lecture Notes 26. Stanford, CA, USA: Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI).

Sugimura, R. 1986. Japanese honorifics and situation semantics. In Proceedings of the 11th coference on computational linguistics, 507-510. Bonn, Germany: Association for Computational Linguistics. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=991514 (accessed October 14, 2008).

Tin, Erkan, and Varol Akman. "Towards Situation-Oriented Programming Languages.'' ACM Sigplan Notices 30 (1995): 27--36.

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Tojo, Satoshi, and Stephen Wong. 1996. A legal reasoning system based on situation theory. In Logic, language, and computation, edited by Jerry Seligman and Dag Westerstahl, 541-554. Vol. 1. CSLI Lecture Notes 58. Stanford, CA, USA: Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI).